What is otitis media?

Otitis media refers specifically to an inflammation or infection of the middle ear, which is often associated with Eustachian tube dysfunction. This dysfunction can lead to the accumulation of fluid in the middle ear, creating an environment conducive to bacterial or viral infections. The symptoms may include earache, fullness in the ear, and potential hearing loss due to fluid buildup, making it a common condition, especially in children.

The other options describe different conditions that do not align with the definition of otitis media. The condition of the outer ear is referred to as otitis externa, and a viral infection affecting the cochlea pertains to inner ear pathology that is distinct from otitis media. Similarly, a condition that results in hearing loss without pain could pertain to various other ear disorders but does not specifically define otitis media, which typically presents with pain or discomfort.